According to the Ministry of Public Education, Santamaría was born Aug. 29, 1831, in what was then the town of Alajuela, part of the Federal Republic of Central America, now Costa Rica.

He is remembered for his bravery during the Second Battle of Rivas in Nicaragua on April 11, 1856.

During the conflict, Costa Rican forces fought an invading army led by U.S. citizen William Walker of Nashville, Tennessee. Walker, a physician, lawyer, journalist and mercenary, sought to establish private colonies in Central America.

Public education authorities say his actions represent the courage and sacrifice of those who fought for the nation’s independence.

In 2011, Costa Rica’s Congress formally declared Juan Santamaría the country’s national hero and designated April 11 as an official holiday to commemorate his legacy.

His memory is honored across the country, particularly in Alajuela province.

In 1891, French sculptor Aristide Croisy created a bronze statue of Santamaría that now stands in Juan Santamaría Park in the city of Alajuela.

Three years later, in 1974, the Juan Santamaría Museum was established in Alajuela. The museum features a wide range of historical materials, including writings, paintings and illustrations documenting his life and contributions to the country’s development.

In Alajuela, the holiday is marked with some of the most vibrant and patriotic celebrations in the country each April 11. The city's central park becomes a focal point of national pride, drawing locals, students and visitors for a full day of commemorations.

Events include an opening ceremony with government officials and cultural activities, as well as a civic parade featuring school marching bands, traditional folk dance groups and students carrying Costa Rican flags.

According to the Labor Code, the official holiday is a double-paid day. Employees required to work April 11 are entitled to twice their regular wages.