The species was first documented in Costa Rica in 2009, according to research conducted by the University of Costa Rica (UCR). “Its presence represents a significant threat to marine ecosystems and the economic activities of coastal communities in both the southern and northern Caribbean regions of the country,” the report states.

It is believed that the red lionfish arrived in the Caribbean following Hurricane Andrew, which struck Florida and Louisiana in 1992 and remains one of the most destructive hurricanes in U.S. history. Since then, the species has spread rapidly along the Atlantic coast of the Americas.

Characterized by an almond-shaped body, red and white zebra-like stripes, and long, elaborate fins, the red lionfish is also equipped with venomous spines. Its venom can cause serious health complications, making stings a medical emergency.

Localized symptoms of envenomation include persistent, intense, throbbing pain at the sting site, tingling sensations, excessive sweating, and blistering. Severe cases can result in systemic effects such as headaches, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, delirium, seizures, limb paralysis, fluctuations in blood pressure, respiratory distress, heart complications, muscle weakness, tremors, and loss of consciousness.

While the red lionfish varies in appearance, its basic pattern consists of red and white zebra-like bands, with spotted soft dorsal, anal, and caudal fins. Variations in coloration and patterning may be influenced by age, geographic location, and genetic factors.

These fish typically grow between 12 and 15 inches in length and prefer rocky coral habitats, where they prey on small fish and invertebrates before retreating into crevices. Their diet includes lobsters, shrimp, snapper, coral, and exotic aquarium fish, among others.

The red lionfish is classified as “Least Concern” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), a global organization that assesses the conservation status of species worldwide.

Another remarkable marine species in Costa Rica is a newly discovered deep-sea worm, which was found near a methane seep along the Pacific Coast.

Wild Costa Rica provides readers with an opportunity to explore the extraordinary biodiversity that makes the country one of the world’s most ecologically rich destinations.

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