The U.S. Embassy is warning of a recent spike in histoplasmosis risks associated with caving activities in Costa Rica.

According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), histoplasmosis is a lung infection caused by a fungus that is primarily found in soil contaminated with bat or bird droppings.

Histoplasmosis can lead to serious and potentially life-threatening complications if left untreated. Symptoms resemble the flu and may include fever, cough, fatigue, chills, headache, chest pain, and body aches.

Any individual experiencing any of those symptoms, especially within a few days of visiting cave attractions, must seek medical attention immediately, advised the embassy.

CDC reports that certain groups of people are at higher risk for getting histoplasmosis and for more severe infections, including people who: 

• Have HIV/AIDS.

• Receive an organ transplant.

• Take medications such as corticosteroids or TNF-inhibitors.

• Are exposed to large amounts of the fungus such as outdoor workers, construction workers and farmers.

• Adults over the age of 55 and infants.

It is difficult to avoid breathing in histoplasma in areas where it's common in the environment. Authorities recommend prevention tips to reduce exposure and risk, such as:

Eliminate exposure to bird or bat droppings. Large amounts of bird or bat droppings should be cleaned up by professional companies that specialize in hazardous waste removal.

Avoid soil disruption. Avoiding activities that disturb the soil or increase exposure to plant matter or bird or bat droppings can help prevent histoplasmosis.

CDC advises that some activities that may increase the risk for histoplasmosis include, cleaning chicken coops, exploring caves, cleaning, remodeling, or tearing down old buildings, landscaping and farming, gardening and yard work

"There are additional steps for employers and workers to take to prevent histoplasmosis," CDC noted. "For example, construction workers can wear protective masks, like N-95s."

"The U.S. Embassy in San José remains committed to ensuring the safety and well-being of U.S. citizens in Costa Rica," it says in its statement. "Please take appropriate precautions and stay informed."

For assistance, the U.S. Embassy can be reached by emailing ACSSanJose@state.gov, calling 506 2519-2000 or visiting its website.

A.M. Costa Rica urges readers to pass this health alert along to their contacts living in Costa Rica.

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Have you heard any reports about expats in Costa Rica contracting histoplasmosis?  We would like to know your thoughts on this story. Send your comments to news@amcostarica.com