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| Commission re-activates green alert | |
|  By A.M. Costa Rica staff The National Emergency Commission has declared a green (preventive) alert) in the North Region (Guanacaste and San Carlos), Caribbean (Limón), Central Pacific (Puntarenas) and South Pacific (Golfito and Corredores). The alert was issued due to a report of the Meteorological Institute announcing the arrival of the new tropical storm (# 43), which has increased the level of rainfall and winds in mountainous areas, floods and swollen rivers. According to the meteorologists, during the weekend, "there have been rains and showers located on the west coast of the Nicoya Peninsula, generating some incidents in the area.” The weather activity is a product, “of the proximity of the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone, the which is quite active." The commission reported that there were heavy rains that caused floods, landslides and the collapse of a bridge between San Ramón and La Fortuna. The commission report added that there were heavy rains and thunderstorms in the Nicoya Peninsula, the Cordilleras of the North Pacific, in the Central Pacific and in the South Pacific, with levels between 20-40 mm and maximums of 60 mm during periods of 3-6 hours. There were also heavy rains and an electric storm in North Zone and the mountains of the Caribbean. Meteorologists report that, during the weekend, there has been a larger-scale tropical storm formation in the Gulf of Mexico, which could be dumping more rain in Costa Rica on Monday. They also state that the cold system in the Gulf of Mexico will generate greater influence on the country during the year. Strong winds of between 60 and 80 kph will occur in the mountainous areas, especially in the North Pacific and the Central Valley. Isolated downpours could occur in regions of the Caribbean and the North Zone. The Central Valley it is expected to be cloudy with temperatures quite cool with occasional rain on both Sunday and Monday. 
 
 
 
 |   National
                                        Emergency Commission courtesy
                                        photo Landslides and the collapse of a bridge between San Ramón and La Fortuna. The specialists of the commission advise people to follow these recommendations: - Caution in areas with vulnerability to flooding due to the increase in flow in rivers and streams. - Maintain vigilance in areas prone to landslides and on national routes such as 32 and 27. - In case of electrical storm or strong gusts of wind, take refuge in a safe place especially in the mountainous parts of the country (national parks, volcanoes). - Extreme precautions due to strong waves due to the wind in the North Pacific and the Caribbean Sea. - Aircraft should take extreme precaution due to strong turbulence in the mountainous sectors. The commission calls on the public to report any anomaly, landslide, or sudden change in the course of a river to the emergency number 9-1-1. | 

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| Government provides aid to storm affected families | |
|  By A.M. Costa  Rica
                                staff According to the Institute of Social Assistance, more than 1,500 cases of families affected by the tropical storms of the last few weeks have been studied to determine their need for aid. In the Puntarenas, Quepos and Paquera areas, 824 affected families were registered while 188 families registered in the Guancaste region and 21 families registered in the Golfito and Corredores regions. Aid workers assisted all these families in order to meet their basic needs including food, clothing, medical attention and eventual economic help. Maria Fullmen, Executive President of the Institute confirmed that, "The teams of the institute carried out an assessment of almost 2,000 families, a work that required an important effort on the part of the executives in each of the affected areas. In some communities they still continue with the visits and the evaluations." According to the report of the institution, "In recent weeks, officers moved to communities affected by the rains to provide care to families." To date, the aid packages that have been assigned to 1,033 families in the Puntarenas, Guanacaste, Limón and the South Zone representing a social investment of $381,000. The most affected region was Puntarenas where communities in the center of the province were hard hit by the storms. In total, 628 families registered for aid in that area, the largest number of registrations in the nation. Paquera and Lepanto, with 166 family registrations, were the second most affected regions, and Quepos registered 30 families. In Guanacaste, a total of 188 families the required the help of the institution, especially in places like Nandayure, Hojancha, Nicoya, Santa Cruz and Carrill, indicated the institute. |    National Emergency Commission
                            courtesy photo To date, the aid packages that have been assigned to 1,033 families in the Puntarenas, Guanacaste, Limón and the South Zone. In addition, in the South zone, only 21 families required aid. According to the institution, the aid programs "in these cases of emergency, supply basic needs such as clothing, food and, in the cases that require it, the payment of temporary rent for housing." In order for benefits to be assigned by the Emergency Committee, each area must provide a certified list of persons or families affected by the storm. Those who are properly identified are classified in relation to the level of aid the require. | 
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| Fourth news page | 
| President Alvarado commits to helping farmers | |
|  By
                    A.M. Costa Rica staff President Carlos Alvarado, made a tour of the agribusiness sectors of Cartago where he met with representatives of farmers in the area. In front of dozens of agricultural producers from Cartago, Tarrazú and Frailes, President Alvarado pledged to support the national productive sector. "We are in partnership with the agricultural sector because we believe in it and we need it as a country - for food, economic activation, employment generation, social stability, among many other reasons," said the president. In relation to the possible impact on the agriculture sector of the future union of Costa Rica with the Pacific Alliance, President Alvarado pledged, "not to advance in the negotiations of the Alliance for the Pacific as long as the farmer is not strengthened." President Alvarado also announced improvements in policies to support women farmers. He stated that his government, "reaffirms its commitment to women producers in rural areas and works on a gender policy so that women have the right to land and access to credit and to make visible her contribution to society." In addition, the president confirmed, "the support from institutional management in advising for access to credit and readjustment of farmers' debts." Throughout the presentation with the farmer sector, the president spoke of the importance of generational change in agriculture, stating that “it is essential to incorporate technology, education and training" into agribusiness. The president announced the new program to support "organic farmers, a great opportunity for the growth of demand for these products.” 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 |   Presidential House courtesy
                                photo "No advance in the negotiations of the Alliance for the Pacific as long as the farmer is not strengthened", said President Alvarado. Another innovation, announced by
                              the president, is "A new project that will
                              be promoted in 50 dairies to change the
                              genetic base of high altitude specialized
                              dairy in Costa Rica by New Zealand
                              genetics, which will improve the final
                              profitability of the producers." On this tour, which was approved by the agricultural sector of Cartago, the president reaffirmed his support for law #20.580 Strengthening of Public Finance, stating, "Without resources we will not be able to make the transformation towards a strong and competitive agricultural sector.” According to the Ministry of Agriculture, there are 557,888.6 cultivated hectares in Costa Rica and the main products coffee, banana, pineapple, cocoa, sugarcane, and the African palm. The agricultural sector represents 9 percent of the Gross Domestic Product. 
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| Liberia Airport constructs new cargo center | |
|  By A.M. Costa Rica staff The government announced an investment of more than $981,000 in the construction of the new cargo center at the Daniel Oduber Quirós International Airport of Liberia, Guanacaste. The cargo center will begin its operations this Friday. Operations will be managed by the RexCargo Company. The center consists of a cargo reception area of 538 m2, three bays for loading and unloading, an electronic floor scale with a capacity of 2,000 kgs, a sterile area of 591 m2, space for handling special merchandise and a cold room of 153 m2. The concession of this cargo center is in charge of CORIPORT, a company that has been in charge of the airport's passenger terminal since 2012. According to the airport administration "the cargo center opens a series of opportunities for the export of raw materials, fresh products, devices for solar panels, jewelry and handicrafts." President Carlos Alvarado referred to this new infrastructural saying "this center represents a huge benefit for the productive sectors linked to foreign trade. It means greater ease for the farmer or for the businessman who previously had to go to San José to export their products by air. " Duayner Salas, Vice Minister of Foreign Trade, believes that this new infrastructure will help improve the country's competitiveness. "We are very pleased with this new advance in the country's infrastructure because it will increase the development of our exports and bring North Pacific products closer to their buyers in Mexico, the United States and Canada. This opening demonstrates our commitment to the country's competitiveness." said Salas. |   Daniel
                                                          Oduber Airport
                                                          courtesy photo The cargo center will begin its operations this Friday. The new facilities also include offices for customs, the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, operations department, monitoring department, x-ray equipment areas and metal detector arcs. An extension of the passenger terminal was recently opened with an additional 4,118 m2 in its boarding rooms and 417 m2 in its main hall. New facilities such as six counters for airlines, six stores and a carousel in the baggage reception area were also added. Daniel Oduber Quirós International Airport, also known as Liberia International Airport, is one of four international airports in Costa Rica. The airport is located in the city of Liberia in Guanacaste Province. It specially serves as a tourism hub for those who visit the Pacific coast and Western Costa Rica. The airport is named for Daniel Oduber Quirós, who served as president of Costa Rica from 1974 to 1978. | 
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| Chipping away at the mess | |
|  By
                  A.M. Costa Rica staff  Oh boy, oh boy, my chipper is in! Fresh from the States to Pricesmart in Escazu, my chipper has arrived! Okay, I hate to sound like a kid on Christmas, but I really need that chipper, even if it only chips the little stuff. I had a Big Chipper in Georgia and it would take a 4 inch branch so this little thing is hardly exciting, except it is exciting. Let me explain. This is an electric chipper and will only take little branches and leaves, but it is the leaves that concern me most. We have some very odd leaves down here. In order to protect themselves from predation, they get a waxy coating as they mature. When they finally fall from the tree, they take a long time to degrade. In their defense, they make a wonderful weed barrier, but so does dense mulch which rots faster and mixes better with the soil. I have mostly silty soil and clay. The silty stuff is very fine, almost like dust, and it compacts far too easily. The clay stuff is, well, clay. It is thick and sticky and far too heavy for good planting. To turn either into something useful for plants is a difficult job. Silty stuff it needs some coarse sand, some clay (I have some of that handy) or burnt earth and mulch – a lot of mulch – leaf mulch. Clay, though . . . add sand to clay and you get brick. Clay needs to be chopped up with a hoe or a shovel (or an axe) and then thrown away. Then you can backfill with desirable soil. Okay, kidding. A little clay can be useful. I like to get mine from visiting ant mounds where it has already been turned into fine particles as the ants built their nests. Clay is also full of nutrients. |  Either way, fine
                                    soil or clay, you need an additive.
                                    An additive like chopped up leaves.
                                    So far, chopping up leaves has been
                                    something done by grabbing some and
                                    crushing them with my hands. This is
                                    way too much work, hence the
                                    chipper. Chippers come
                                      with rules, especially little
                                      electric ones. In addition to “do
                                      not put your fat fingers near the
                                      spinning blades” (they say it a
                                      nicer way) you have to keep track
                                      of the time. Electric motors are
                                      wonderful things but if you stress
                                      them they can burn out. So it’s
                                      chip for 15 minutes, rest for 15
                                      minutes – and repeat. For me,
                                      that’s 15 minutes of chipping and
                                      15 minutes to get into some other
                                      kind of trouble. Nice how that works out. Plant for the Week  Mexican hibiscus
                                    is a bit different from the average
                                    hibiscus we see in yards but it
                                    likes full sun and grows well in our
                                    climate. The calyx or husk that
                                    covers the bud is edible and quite
                                    tasty. It can be seen to the right
                                    of the flower both above and below
                                    the bloom.   ----- Editor's note: Victoria Torley, gardener columnist, can be reached at victoriatorley1@gmail.com | 
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| Finance ministry confirms internal debt swaps | |
|  By A.M. Costa Rica staff The Fiance Ministry confirmed the transaction of more than $6.7 billion in domestic debt swaps. This transaction figure “doubles the maximum historical amount reached in this type of operation." The internal debt reserves are the placement of government bonds with maturity dates in 2018 and 2020. This transaction would provide resources to the country. According to the Ministry, the process was carried out in two parts, one on Thursday, October 25, when the offer was made to buy series with expiration in 2018 and 2019, and sold titles of 2021, 2023, 2025, 2028 and 2030. The second was held on Friday and series were exchanged with expiration from 2018 until 2020, by series of 2023, 2025, 2028 and 2030. Mauricio Arroyo, National Treasurer said that this transaction will reduce the pressure on the finances of the country. "The importance of this operation, which was convened through the National Stock Exchange for the financial market, is that it allows [us to] better order the maturities of the next two years and thereby reduce the pressure." 
 
 
 
 |    Presidential
                                    House courtesy photo The Finance Ministry described the reception that the market gave to this transaction as very positive. | 
